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Kierkegaard is often considered a foundational figure in existentialism due to his emphasis on individual experience, subjective reality, and the importance of personal choice. His work explores the complexities of human existence, focusing on the individual's struggle to find meaning in life, the anxiety of making choices, and the necessity of commitment. Kierkegaard's concept of the "leap of faith" underscores the existential theme of taking personal responsibility for one’s beliefs and actions in a world that lacks inherent meaning.

His philosophy diverges from earlier philosophical movements by prioritizing personal experience over abstract, objective reasoning, which aligns closely with existentialist principles. In contrast, phenomenology explores consciousness and experiences from a different angle, utilitarianism focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number, and realism aims to depict the world accurately, generally prioritizing objective phenomena. Kierkegaard's insights into the individual's emotional and existential struggles set the stage for later existentialist thinkers, solidifying his position as a key figure in this philosophical movement.